Marijuana: Facts Nearly Cannabis
Marijuana, besides called pot, weed, ganja, mary jane, too a host of other nicknames, is made from the Cannabis plant, which has 3 species: Cannabis sativa; Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. The flowering plant, which tin flame grow to xvi feet (5 meters) high, probable originated inwards the Central Asian steppe, nigh the Altai or Tian Shian Mountains, too was offset cultivated inwards China too India, according to "Cannabis too Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology too Therapeutic Potential," (Routledge, 2002).
The leaves, stems, blossom buds too extracts from the marijuana flora tin flame go eaten, brewed inwards a tea or seat into a tincture. It tin flame besides go vaporized using an e-cigarette pen. Yale University researchers surveyed 3,847 Connecticut high schoolhouse students nearly this practise inwards a 2015 study that was published inwards the magazine Pediatrics. The study constitute nearly ane inwards v e-cigarette users besides accept vaporize cannabis or byproducts similar hash crude oil using the device.
"This is a relatively novel means of using marijuana, too kids are using it at a fairly high rate," said atomic number 82 writer of the study Meghan E. Morean inwards a Yale press release.
There are hundreds of compounds inwards marijuana, merely scientists believe the ane responsible for the drugs' psychoactive effects is tetrahydrocannbinol, or THC. THC binds to cannabinoid receptors throughout the body, too marijuana's "high" comes from THC's binding to encephalon regions responsible for pleasure, fourth dimension perception too pain, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
This binding inwards plough triggers a chemic cascade that eventually stimulates the production of dopamine, a encephalon chemic frequently called the "feel expert chemical," which is business office of the body's vantage system," said Mitch Earleywine, a psychology professor at the University at Albany inwards New York, who studies marijuana's wellness effects.
"Subjective effects actually vary," Earleywine said. "Folks who similar it emphasize the euphoria too the relaxation, too and then depending on the strain, it's mildly stimulating, or mildly sedating."
Medical marijuana can soothe nausea too increment appetite, serenity pain, soothe anxiety too fifty-fifty trim back epileptic seizures. Other question on the healing effects of cannabis is existence examined. For example, question suggests that THC may go able to ameliorate retention according to a 2016 study on mice. More than one-half of the USA has legalized marijuana for medical use.
The sum of THC inwards marijuana has grown over the past times few decades. In the early 1990s, the average THC content inwards marijuana was nearly 3.74 percentage inwards the early 1990s too inwards 2013 it was almost 10 percent, according to NIDA.
Short-term exercise of the drug impairs thinking too coordination. In long-term studies, Stroke too pump failure have besides been linked to marijuana.
Ancient history
H5N1 10,000-year-old archaeological site inwards Taiwan contains pottery fragments amongst a twisted strand imprinted unopen to the edge, which some believe was made past times pressing a rope made of hemp, the fibers made from the cannabis plant, across the moisture clay, according to "Marijuana: The First Twelve-Thousand Years," (Springer, 1980).
Hemp fabric was widely used inwards ancient China to brand clothing. H5N1 Chinese medicinal textbook, the Pen Ts'ao, which is credited to an emperor inwards 2800 B.C., claims that "Ma," or marijuana, was a powerful medicinal plant. Siberian burial mounds have traces of burnt cannabis seeds dating to 3000 B.C.
"We've had industrial exercise too medical exercise literally for millennia," Earleywine told Live Science.
The flora was offset given its taxonomic identification past times Carl Linnaeus inwards 1753 too thoroughly described to Westerners inwards the 1800s, when the medical MD William O'Shaughnessy gave a study to the Medical too Physical Society of Calcutta inwards Republic of Republic of India inwards 1839. The MD described its effects on people too did a few instance reports on "gunjah," the Indian elevate for the drug.
"Almost invariably the inebriation is of the most cheerful kind, causing the individual to sing too dance, to swallow nutrient amongst keen relish, too to meet aphrodisiac enjoyments," O'Shaughnessy wrote inwards his paper, "On the Preparations of the Indian Hemp, or Gunjah."
O'Shaughnessy besides conducted some of the offset clinical trials of the drug, giving tinctures to dogs, cats, mice too rabbits.
The drug offset became pop inwards Europe when Napoleon's troops returned from Egypt, Earleywine said.
American history
The Cannabis plant tin flame grow upwardly to eighteen feet tall. In the Americas, Cannabis extract was a pop medicinal drug inwards the 1800s. But inwards the 1900s, the tide began to plough against the drug. In the 1920s, Mexican immigrants became associated amongst the smoked, recreational version of the drug, too anti-immigrant sentiments fueled marijuana prohibition.
By the 1930s, marijuana was banned inwards 24 states. The newly minted Federal Bureau of Narcotics launched a displace against the drug, too newspapers fueled hysteria amongst headlines similar the 1933 Los Angeles Examiner's "Murder Weed Found Up too Down the Coast — Deadly Marihuana Dope Plant Ready for Harvest That Means Enslavement of California Children." By 1937, Congress passed the Marihuana Tax Act, which effectively banned marijuana except for a few medicinal purposes, according to "Smoke Signals: H5N1 Social History of Marijuana – Medical, Recreational too Legal" (Scribner, 2012).
In the 1950s, the Narcotics Control Act too the Boggs Act stiffened penalties for marijuana possession, amongst first-time offenses requiring ii to 10 yr sentences too a minimum $20,000 fine, according to PBS.org. Penalties were relaxed inwards the 1970s, merely President Ronald Reagan increased federal penalties for marijuana possession inwards the 1980s. On the federal level, marijuana is directly regulated nether the Controlled Substances Act every bit a schedule 1 drug, pregnant the authorities considers it to accept a high potential for abuse amongst no legitimate medical or therapeutic uses.
However, numerous states accept decriminalized or legalized marijuana. As of early 2017, 26 states too the District of Columbia have legalized pot inwards some shape of medical and/or recreational use, amongst other states before long to follow.
Industrial uses
The Cannabis plant is quite hearty. It tin flame grow upwardly to eighteen feet tall too is known to pop upwardly along roadsides too driveways from stray seeds. Marijuana stems are sparse too accept thin, jagged leaves that branch into v to 7 fingers. Cannabis flowers are small, greenish too grow inwards clusters.
Cannabis grown for manufacture is called industrial marijuana, or hemp. Hemp typically has real depression concentrations of THC. Hemp has many uses. The seeds tin flame go crushed for oil, nutrient too beauty products. Hemp fibers tin flame go used for paper, sturdy fabrics too rope. People accept grown hemp for millennia.
Current U.S. federal constabulary prohibits hemp farming amongst few exceptions. Hemp products, however, are legal too are imported from Canada, Russia, China too other nations that permit industrial marijuana farming.
Hemp hasn't ever been on the incorrect side of the authorities. The Puritans brought hemp amongst them to New England inwards 1645 too Europeans were growing it fifty-fifty before inwards Chile. George Washington planted hemp every bit ane of several crops at his Mount Vernon estate. However, hemp's popularity waned inwards America every bit other plants used for textiles such every bit cotton fiber too jute became to a greater extent than widely available. The U.S. Navy briefly campaigned for to a greater extent than hemp farming during World War II to provide ropes for ships. But the federal authorities continued restrictions on hemp subsequently the war.
source:livescience
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